Intrauterine malformation: metabolomics as a new approach to solving the old problem
Fetal growth retardation (FGR) remains one of the relevant problems in modern obstetrics одной из актуальных в современном акушерстве, being included in the list of great obstetric syndromes, because it not only leads to unfavorable perinatal and early neonatal outcomes, but may also considerably affect on long-term predictions for the neonatal health. The lean phenotype hypothesis was first mentioned in the last decade of the twentieth century. Following 30 years, investigations confirmed a relationship between the birth body mass index and the cardiometabolic syndrome manifesting itself in these patients in their adult life. During intrauterine development, the fetus with growth retardation in the presence of sub- and decompensation of placental perfusion makes a number of hemodynamic, metabolic, and hormonal adjustments to cope with the unfavorable intrauterine environment; and these changes can become permanent and irreversible. Despite successes in studying the pathogenesis of FGR, biomarkers that are able to identify this condition in its early stage and to stratify its severity both pre- and postnatality, are still lacking. There is still no confidence in the trajectory of postnatal development of children of this cohort, in the right contribution of eating habits into their growth to prevent or at least to limit long-term complications. Under these conditions, non-targeted metabolomics is a relatively new area of “omix” studies, which may be a good method to study metabolic disturbances generally associated with FGR.Gasanbekova A.P., Frankevich N.A., Frankevich V.E.
Conclusion: A whole series of studies describing the “early” model of glucose intolerance, resistance to insulin, to the accumulation of catabolites, and to the changed amino acid metabolism in the newborns with FGR have been accumulated today. Larger investigations are needed to confirm these results and to judge their applicability in clinical practice.
Authors' contributions: Gasanbekova A.P., Frankevich N.A. – systemic analysis, writing the manuscript; Frankevich V.E. – editing the manuscript.
Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that there are no possible conflicts of interest.
Funding: The investigation has been supported by Russian Science Foundation Grant No. 22‑15‑0032 “Novel noninvasive diagnostic approaches to optimizing the obstetric tactics, to predicting perinatal outcomes, and to preventing postnatal growth disorders in fetal growth retardation”.
For citation: Gasanbekova A.P., Frankevich N.A., Frankevich V.E. Intrauterine malformation:
metabolomics as a new approach to solving the old problem. Akusherstvo i Ginekologiya/Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2023; (5): 12-20 (in Russian)
https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2022.298
Keywords
intrauterine growth retardation
fetal growth restriction
small for the gestational age
metabolomics
newborn
mass spectrometry
biomarkers
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Received 15.12.2022
Accepted 07.02.2023
About the Authors
Aida P. Gasanbekova, Postgraduate Student, Academician V.I. National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, aidoxxa21@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-8163, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Ac. Oparin str., 4.Natalia A. Frankevich, PhD, Senior Researcher, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, natasha-lomova@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6090-586X, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Ac. Oparin str., 4.
Vladimir E. Frankevich, Dr. Sci. (Physico-mathematical), Head of Department of Systems Biology in Reproduction, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, v_frankevich@oparina4.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9780-4579, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Ac. Oparin str., 4.
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