Current methods for visual diagnosis in congenital diaphragmatic hernia

1. Hattori T., Hayakawa M., Ito MSato Y., Tamakoshi K., Kanamori Y. et al. The relationship between three signs of fetal magnetic resonance imaging and severity of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J. Perinatol. 2017; 37(3): 265-9. doi: 10.1038/jp.2016.208
2. Morgan T.A., Shum D.J., Basta A.M., Filly R.A. Prognosis in congenital diaphragmatic hernia diagnosed during fetal life. J. Fetal Med. 2017; 4(2): 57-63. doi: 10.1007/s40556-017-0124-4
3. Basurto D., Russo F.M., Van der Veeken L., Van der Merwe J., Hooper S., Benachi A. et al. Prenatal diagnosis and management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2019; Jan 5. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.12.010
4. Колесников Э.М., Свирский А.А. Диагностика и лечение диафрагмальных грыж у детей. Минск: БГМУ; 2014. [Kolesnikov E.M., Svirsky A.A. Diagnosis and treatment of diaphragmatic hernia in children. Minsk: BSMU; 2014. (in Russian)]
5. Bouchghoul H., Senat M.V., Storme L., de Lagausie P., Begue L., Khen-Dunlop N. et al. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: does gestational age at diagnosis matter when evaluating morbidity and mortality? Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2015; 213(4): 535. e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.06.012
6. Mayer S., Klaritsch P., Petersen S., Done E., Sandaite I., Till H. et al. The correlation between lung volume and liver herniation measurements by fetal MRI in isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Prenat. Diagn. 2011; 31(11): 1086-96. doi: 10.1002/pd.2839
7. Ruano R., Takashi E., da Silva M.M., Haeri S., Tannuri U., Zugaib M. Quantitative lung index, contralateral lung area, or lung-to-head ratio to predict the neonatal outcome in isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia? J. Ultrasound Med. 2013; 32(3): 413-7.
8. Ruano R., Takashi E., da Silva M.M., Campos J.A.D.B., Tannuri U., Zugaib M. Prediction and probability of neonatal outcome in isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia using multiple ultrasound parameters. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2012; 39(1): 42-9. doi: 10.1002/uog.10095
9. Cruz-Martinez R., Castanon M., Moreno-Alvarez O., Acosta-Rojas R., Martinez J.M., Gratacos E. Usefulness of lung-to-head ratio and intrapulmonary arterial Doppler in predicting neonatal morbidity in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia treated with fetoscopic tracheal occlusion. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2013; 41(1): 59-65. doi: 10.1002/uog.11212
10. Spaggiari E., Stirnemann J.J., Sonigo P., Khen-Dunlop N., De Saint Blanquat L., Ville Y. Prenatal prediction of pulmonary arterial hypertension in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2015; 45(5): 572-7. doi: 10.1002/uog.13450
11. Hagelstein C., Weidner M., Kilian A.K., Debus A., Walleyo A., Schoenberg S.O. et al. Repetitive MR measurements of lung volume in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: individual development of pulmonary hypoplasia during pregnancy and calculation of weekly lung growth rates. Eur. Radiol. 2014; 24(2): 312-9. doi: 10.1007/s00330-013-3011-y
12. Weidner M., Hagelstein C., Debus A., Walleyo A., Weiss C., Schoenberg S.O. et al. MRI-based ratio of fetal lung volume to fetal body volume as a new prognostic marker in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 2014; 202(6): 1330-6. doi: 10.2214/AJR.13.11023
13. Lee T.C., Lim F.Y., Keswani S.G., Frischer J.S., Haberman B., Kingma P.S. et al. Late gestation fetal magnetic resonance imaging-derived total lung volume predicts postnatal survival and need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J. Pediatr. Surg. 2011; 46(6): 1165-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2011.03.046
14. Madenci A.L., Sjogren A.R., Treadwell M.C., Ladino-Torres M.F., Drongowski R.A., Kreutzman J. et al. Another dimension to survival: predicting outcomes with fetal MRI versus prenatal ultrasound in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J. Pediatr. Surg. 2013; 48(6): 1190-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.03.033
15. Odibo A.O., Najaf T., Vachharajani A., Warner B., Mathur A., Warner B.W. Predictors of the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and survival in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a center’s 10-year experience. Prenat. Diagn. 2010; 30(6): 518-21. doi: 10.1002/pd.2508
16. Walleyo A., Debus A., Kehl S., Weiss C, Schönberg S.O., Schaible T. et al. Periodic MRI lung volume assessment in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: prediction of survival, need for ECMO, and development of chronic lung disease. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 2013; 201(2): 419-26. doi: 10.2214/AJR.12.8655
17. Tsukimori K., Masumoto K., Morokuma S., Yoshimura T., Taguchi T., Hara T. et al. The lung-to-thorax transverse area ratio at term and near term correlates with survival in isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J. Ultrasound Med. 2008; 27(5): 707-13.
18. Lusk L.A., Wai K.C., Moon-Grady A.J., Basta A.M., Filly R., Keller R.L. Fetal ultrasound markers of severity predict resolution of pulmonary hypertension in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2015; 213(2): 216. e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.03.036
19. Garcia A.V., Fingeret A.L., Thirumoorthi A.S., Hahn E., Leskowitz M.J., Aspelund G. et al. Lung to head ratio in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia does not predict long term pulmonary hypertension. J. Pediatr. Surg. 2013; 48(1): 154-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.10.031
20. Usui N., Kitano Y., Okuyama H., Saito M., Masumoto K., Morikawa N. et al. Prenatal risk stratification for isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia: results of a Japanese multicenter study. J. Pediatr. Surg. 2011; 46(10): 1873-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2011.06.007
21. Akinkuotu A.C., Cruz S.M., Abbas P.I., Lee T.C., Welty S.E., Olutoye O.O. et al. Risk-stratification of severity for infants with CDH: Prenatal versus postnatal predictors of outcome. J. Pediatr. Surg. 2016; 51(1): 44-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.009
22. Winkler M.M., Weis M., Henzler C., Weiß C., Kehl S., Schoenberg S.O. et al. MRI-based ratio of fetal lung to body volume as new prognostic marker for chronic lung disease in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Klin. Padiatr. 2017; 229(2): 67-75. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-100599
23. Kitano Y., Okuyama H., Saito M., Usui N., Morikawa N., Masumoto K. et al. Re-evaluation of stomach position as a simple prognostic factor in fetal left congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a multicenter survey in Japan. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2011; 37(3): 277-82. doi: 10.1002/uog.8892
24. Werneck Britto I.S., Olutoye O.O., Cass D.L., Zamora I.J., Lee T.C., Cassady C. et al. Quantification of liver herniation in fetuses with isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia using two-dimensional ultrasonography. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2015; 46(2): 150-4. doi: 10.1002/uog.14718
25. Spaggiari E., Stirnemann J.J., Sonigo P., Khen-Dunlop N., De Saint Blanquat L., Ville Y. Prenatal prediction of pulmonary arterial hypertension in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2015; 45(5): 572-7. doi: 10.1002/uog.13450
26. Kehl S., Siemer J., Brunnemer S., Weiss C., Eckert S., Schaible T., Sütterlin M. Prediction of postnatal outcomes in fetuses with isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernias using different lung-to-head ratio measurements. J. Ultrasound Med. 2014; 33(5): 759-67. doi: 10.7863/ultra.33.5.759
27. Cannie M., Jani J., Chaffiotte C., Vaast P., Deruelle P., Houfflin-Debarge V. et al. Quantification of intrathoracic liver herniation by magnetic resonance imaging and prediction of postnatal survival in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2008; 32(5): 627-32. doi: 10.1002/uog.6146
28. Cannie M.M., Cordier A.G., De Laveaucoupet J., Franchi-Abella S., Cagneaux M., Prodhomme O. et al. Liver-to-thoracic volume ratio: Use at MR imaging to predict postnatal survival in fetuses with isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia with or without prenatal tracheal occlusion. Eur. Radiol. 2013; 23(5): 1299-305. doi: 10.1007/s00330-012-2709-6
29. Oliver E.R., DeBari S.E., Adams S.E., Didier R.A., Horii S.C., Victoria T. et al. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia sacs : prenatal imaging and associated postnatal outcomes. Pediatr. Radiol. 2019; Jan 11. doi: 10.1007/s00247-018-04334-9.
30. Spaggiari E., Stirnemann J., Bernard J.P., De Saint Blanquat L., Beaudoin S., Ville Y. Prognostic value of a hernia sac in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2013; 41(3): 286-90. doi: 10.1002/uog.11189.
31. Barnewolt C.E., Kunisaki S.M., Fauza D.O., Nemes L.P., Estroff J.A., Jennings R.W. Percent predicted lung volumes as measured on fetal magnetic resonance imaging: a useful biometric parameter for risk stratification in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J. Pediatr. Surg. 2007; 42(1): 193-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.09.018
32. Metkus A.P., Filly R.A., Stringer M.D., Harrison M.R, Adzick N.S. Sonographic predictors of survival in fetal diaphragmatic hernia. J. Pediatr. Surg. 1996; 31(1): 142-8.
33. Benachi A., Cordier A.G., Cannie M., Jani J. Advances in prenatal diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Semin. Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014; 19(6): 331-7. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2014.09.005
34. Демидов В.Н., Машинец Н.В., Подуровская Ю.Л., Буров А.А. Врожденная диафрагмальная грыжа плода – возможности ультразвуковой диагностики и прогнозирование постнатального исхода. Акушерство и гинекология. 2014; 4: 38-45. [Demidov V.N., Mashinets, N.V., Podurovskaya, Yu.L., Burov A.A. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia of the fetus - the possibility of ultrasound diagnosis and prediction of postnatal outcome. Obstetrics and gynecology. 2014; 4: 38-45. (in Russian)]
35. Heling K.S., Wauer R.R., Hammer H., Bollmann R., Chaoui R. Reliability of the lung-to-head ratio in predicting outcome and neonatal ventilation parameters in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2005; 25(2): 112-8. doi: 10.1002/uog.1837
36. Basta A.M., Lusk L.A., Keller R.L., Filly R.A. Spleen behind the heart complicateslLung-to-head ratio measurement in left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J. Ultrasound Med. 2016; 35(12): 2717-21. doi: 10.7863/ultra.15.11063
37. Туманова У.Н., Ляпин В.М., Буров А.А., Щеголев А.И., Дегтярев Д.Н. Посмертная характеристика гипоплазии легких при диафрагмальной грыже: МРТ – патоморфологические сопоставления. Медицинская визуализация. 2017; 3: 132-42. doi: 10.24835/1607-0763-2017-4-132-142. [Tumanova U.N., Lyapin V.M., Burov A.A., Schegolev A.I., Degtyarev D.N. Postmortem characteristic of pulmonary hypoplasia in diaphragmatic hernia: MRI - pathological comparisons. Medical imaging. 2017; 3: 132-42. doi: 10.24835 / 1607-0763-2017-4-132-142. (in Russian)]
38. Рудакова Э.А., Опенышева А.В., Сандаков Я.П. Оптимизация диагностики и хирургической тактики при врожденных диафрагмальных грыжах у новорожденных. В кн.: Новые технологии в детской хирургии. Сборник научных трудов, посвященный 100-летию медицинского образования в Пермском крае, 95-летию со дня рождения профессора А.А. Лишке. Пермь, 13-14 ноября 2014 г. Пермь: Книжный формат; 2014: 206-12. [Rudakova E.A., Openysheva A.V., Sandakov Ya.P. Optimization of diagnosis and surgical tactics for congenital diaphragmatic hernia in newborns. In the book: New technologies in pediatric surgery. Collection of scientific papers dedicated to the 100th anniversary of medical education in the Perm Territory, the 95th anniversary of the birth of Professor A.A. Lishke. Perm, November 13-14, 2014. Perm: Book format; 2014: 206-12. (in Russian)]
39. Moore R.J., Strachan B., Tyler D.J., Baker P.N., Gowland P.A. In vivo diffusion measurements as an indication of fetal lung maturation using echo planar imaging at 0.5T. Magn. Reson. Med. 2001; 45(2): 247-53.
40. Balassy C., Kasprian G., Brugger P.C., Csapo B., Weber M., Hörmann M. et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the normal fetal lung. Eur. Radiol. 2008; 18(4): 700-6. doi: 10.1007/s00330-007-0784-x
41. Cannie M., Jani J., De Keyzer F., Roebben I., Dymarkowski S., Deprest J. Diffusion-weighted MRI in lungs of normal fetuses and those with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2009; 34(6): 678-86. doi: 10.1002/uog.7326
42. Manganaro L., Perrone A., Sassi S., Fierro F., Savelli S., Di Maurizio M. et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient of the normal fetal lung: preliminary experience. Prenat. Diagn. 2008; 28(8): 745-8.doi: 10.1002/pd.2041
43. Afacan O., Gholipour A., Mulkern R.V., Barnewolt C.E., Estroff J.A., Connolly S.A. et al. Fetal lung apparent diffusion coefficient measurement using diffusion-weighted MRI at 3 Tesla: Correlation with gestational age. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2016; 44(6): 1650-5. doi: 10.1002/jmri.25294
44. Kuwashima S., Nishimura G., Iimura F., Kohno T., Watanabe H., Kohno A., Fujioka M. Low-intensity fetal lungs on MRI may suggest the diagnosis of pulmonary hypoplasia. Pediatr. Radiol. 2001; 31(9): 669-72. doi: 10.1007/s002470100512
45. Yamoto M., Iwazaki T., Takeuchi K., Sano K., Fukumoto K., Takahashi T. et al. The fetal lung-to-liver signal intensity ratio on magnetic resonance imaging as a predictor of outcomes from isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr. Surg. Int. 2018; 34(2): 161-8. doi: 10.1007/s00383-017-4184-2.
46. Alfaraj M.A., Shah P.S., Bohn D., Pantazi S., O’Brien K., Chiu P.P. et al. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: lung-to-head ratio and lung volume for prediction of outcome. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2011; 205(1): 43. e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.02.050
47. Bebbington M., Victoria T., Danzer E., Moldenhauer J., Khalek N., Johnson M. et al. Comparison of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging parameters in predicting survival in isolated left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2014; 43(6): 670-4. doi: 10.1002/uog.13271
48. Núñez V., Romo M., Encinas J.L., Bueno A., Herrero B., Antolín E. et al. The role of fetal magnetic resonance imaging in the study of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Cir. Pediatr. 2018; 31(1): 15-20.
49. Ruano R., Lazar D.A., Cass D.L., Zamora I.J., Lee T.C., Cassady C.I. et al. Fetal lung volume and quantification of liver herniation by magnetic resonance imaging in isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2014; 43(6): 662-9. doi: 10.1002/uog.13223
50. Puligandla P.S., Skarsgard E.D., Offringa M., Adatia I., Baird R., Bailey M. et al.; Canadian Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Collaborative. Diagnosis and management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a clinical practice guideline. CMAJ. 2018; 190(4): E103-E112. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.170206.

Received 17.05.2018

Accepted 22.06.2018