Main oncological aspects of the diagnosis of precancerous diseases and early stages of endometrial, cervical and ovarian malignancies
Prevention and early diagnosis of reproductive tract malignancies are one of the most important socio-medical tasks, which depends mainly on physicians’ cancer awareness and is necessary to develop an effective patient management strategy. Of greatest importance are the development and implementation of effective screening programs focused on the detection of early-stage cancers, often at an asymptomatic stage, in a practically healthy target population. These measures are aimed at cancer risk reduction, detection of early disease, and improvement in treatment strategies. Oncological preventive activities should include strengthening physicians’ cancer awareness, availability of primary care and diagnostic tests, clear patient referral guidelines, coordinating care, and timely appropriate treatment. The cancer care system is effective only if all these stages are accessible and consistent.Lavrinovich O.E., Smirnova O.A., Meshkova I.E., Ul’rikh E.A., Mikaya N.A., Yakovleva M.G., Bondarev N.E., Abramova A.V., Ibragimov Z.N., Beibulatova R.M., Nekrasova E.A., Gorodnova T.V., Mikhet’ko A.A., Urmancheeva A.F., Berlev I.V., Belyaev A.M.
Keywords
screening
early diagnosis
atypical endometrial hyperplasia
cervical dysplasia
ovarian cyst
uterine cancer
cervical cancer
ovarian cancer
References
- Каприн А.Д., Старинский В.В., Петрова Г.В., ред. Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2017 году (заболеваемость и смертность) М.: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России; 2018. 250 с. [Kaprin A.D., Starinskii V.V., Petrova G.V., eds. Zlokachestvennye novoobrazovaniya v Rossii v 2017 (zabolevaemost’ i smertnost’) Moscow: MNIOI im. P.A. Gertsena filial FGBU «NMITs radiologii» Minzdrava Rossii; 2018. 250 p. (in Russian)].
- Emons G., Beckmann M.W., Schmidt D., Mallmann P. New WHO classification of endometrial hyperplasias. Geburtsh. Frauenheilk. 2015; 75: 135–6.
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists – RCOG. Management of Endometrial Hyperplasia. RCOG/BSGE Green–top Guideline No. 67. February 2016.
- Уварова Е.В. Сочетанная патология эндо- и миометрия у больных репродуктивного возраста (вопросы патогенеза, диагностики и лечения): дисс. … д-ра мед. наук. М.; 1993. 127 с. [Uvarova E.V. Sochetannaya patologiya endo- i miometriya u bol’nykh reproduktivnogo vozrasta (voprosy patogeneza, diagnostiki i lecheniya). Diss. Moscow; 1993. 127 p. (in Russian)].
- Харенкова E.JI. Прогноз и профилактика гиперпластических процессов эндометрия в менопаузе: дисс. … канд. мед. наук. Иркутск; 2009. 23 с. [Kharenkova E.JI. Prognoz i profilaktika giperplasticheskikh protsessov endometriya v menopause. Diss. Irkutsk; 2009. 23 p. (in Russian)].
- Baak J.P., Mutter G.L., Robboy S., van Diest P.J., Uyterlinde A.M., Orbo A. et al. The molecular genetics and morphometry- based endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia classification system predicts disease progression in endometrial hyperplasia more accurately than the 1994 World Health Organization classification system. Cancer. 2005; 103(11): 2304–12. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.21058.
- Resnick K.E., Hampel H., Fishel R., Cohn D.E. Current and emerging trends in Lynch syndrome identification in women with endometrial cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. 2009; 114(1): 128–34. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.03.003.
- Паяниди Ю.Г., Жорданиа К.И., Паукер В.,Сельчук В.Ю., Казубская Т.П. Первично-множественные злокачественные новообразования органов репродуктивной системы и толстой кишки у женщин. Вестник РОНЦим. Н.Н. Блохина РАМН. 2016; 27(2): 109–12. [Payanidi Yu.G., Jordania K.I, Pauker V., Selchuk V.Yu., Kazubskaya T.P. Primary multiple malignant neoplasms bodies reproductive system and colon in women. Vestnik RONTs im. N.N. Blokhina RAMN. 2016; 27(2): 109–12. (in Russian)].
- Бохман Я.В. Руководство по онкогинекологии. Монография. Л.: Медицина; 1989. 463 с. [Bokhman Ya.V. Rukovodstvo po onkoginekologii. Monografiya. Leningrad: Meditsina; 1989. 463 p. (in Russian)].
- Сафронов А.В. Оценка сонографии и гистероскопии в диагностике опухолей гениталий у женщин с постменопаузальными кровотечениями: дисс. … канд. мед. наук. Санкт-Петербург; 2004. [Safronov A.V. Otsenka sonografii i gisteroskopii v diagnostike opukholei genitalii u zhenshchin s postmenopauzal’nymi krovotecheniyami. Diss. St. Petersburg; 2004. (in Russian)].
- Edris F., Vilos G.A., Al-Mubarak A., Ettler H.C., Hollett-Caines J., Abu-Rafea B. Resectoscopic surgery may be an alternative to hysterectomy in high-risk women with atypical endometrial hyperplasia. J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol. 2007; 14(1): 68–73. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2006.08.007.
- Савельева Г.М., Бреусенко В.Г., Капушева Л.М. Гистероскопия: атлас и руководство. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2017. 248 с. [Savel’eva G.M., Breusenko V.G., Kapusheva L.M. Gisteroskopiya: atlas i rukovodstvo. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2017. 248 p. (in Russian)].
- Taneja B.K., Arora R.P., Alam M. Role of hysteroscopy in diagnosis of menstrual discorders. Med. J. Armed. Forces India. 1996; 52(1): 15–8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-1237(17)30827-4.
- Попов А.А., Алиева А.С., Мананникова Т.Н., Барто Р.А. Сравнение различных методов абляции при гиперпластических процессах эндометрия. РМЖ Мать и дитя. 2017; 26: 1942–5. [Popov A.A., Alieva A.S., Manannikova T.N., Barto R.A. Sravnenie razlichnykh metodov ablyatsii pri giperplasticheskikh protsessakh endometriya. RMZh Mat’ i ditya. 2017; (26): 1942–5.(in Russian)].
- Feng Y.Z., Shiozawa T., Miyamoto T., Kashima H., Kurai M., Suzuki A., Konishi I. BRAF mutation in endometrial carcinoma and hyperplasia: correlation with KRAS and p53 mutations and mismatch repair protein expression. Clin. Cancer Res. 2005; 11(17): 6133–8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2670.
- Kudela M., Pilka R., Hejtmánek P., Dzvincuk P., Ondrová D. The importance of sonography and hysteroscopy at suspected findings on endometrium of menopausal women. CeskaHYPERLINK “https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18567430” HYPERLINK “https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18567430”GynekolHYPERLINK “https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18567430”. 2008; 73(2): 104–8.
- Trojano G., Damiani G.R., Casavola V.C., Loiacono R., Malvasi A., Pellegrino A. et al. The role of hysteroscopy in evaluating postmenopausal asymptomatic women with thickened endometrium. Gynecol. Minim. Invasive Ther. 2018; 7(1): 6–9. https://dx.doi.org/10.4103/GMIT.GMIT_10_17.
- Polyzos N.P., Mauri D., Tsioras S., Messini C.I., Valachis A., Messinis I.E. Intraperitoneal dissemination of endometrial cancer cells after hysteroscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer. 2010; 20(2): 261–7. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/igc.0b013e3181ca2290.
- Tempfer C.B., Froese G., Buerkle B., Polterauer S., Grimm C., Concin N. et al. Does duration of hysteroscopy increase the risk of disease recurrence in patients with endometrial cancer? A multi-centre trial. Exp. Ther. Med. 2011; 2(5): 991–5. https://dx.doi.org/10.3892/etm.2011.309.
- Wiebea E., Denny L., Thomas G. Cancer of the cervix uteri. Figo cancer report. Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. 2012; 119(Suppl. 2): S100–9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7292(12)60023-X.
- Ayman Al-Talib, Farr Nezhat, Togas Tulandi. Cite as. The role of hysteroscopy in diagnosis and management of endometrial cancer. Gynecol. Surg. 2010; 7(3): 211–6. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10397-010-0604-1.
- Mencaglia L. Hysteroscopy and adenocarcinoma. ObstetHYPERLINK “https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8524538”.HYPERLINK “https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8524538” GynecolHYPERLINK “https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8524538”. HYPERLINK “https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8524538”ClinHYPERLINK “https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8524538”. HYPERLINK “https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8524538”NorthHYPERLINK “https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8524538” HYPERLINK “https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8524538”AmHYPERLINK “https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8524538”. 1995; 22(3): 573–9.
- Киселев В.И. Вирусы папилломы человека в развитии рака шейки матки. М.; 2004. 179 с. [Kiselev V.I. Virusy papillomy cheloveka v razvitii raka sheiki matki. Moscow; 2004. 179 p. (in Russian)].
- Роговская С.И., Липова Е.В. Шейка матки, влагалище, вульва. Физиология, патология, кольпоскопия, эстетическая коррекция. Руководство для практикующих врачей. 2-е изд. М.: Медиабюро «Статус презенс»; 2016. [Rogovskaya S.I., Lipova E.V. Sheika matki, vlagalishche, vul’va. Fiziologiya, patologiya, kol’poskopiya, esteticheskaya korrektsiya. Rukovodstvo dlya praktikuyushchikh vrachei. 2nd ed. Moscow: Mediabyuro «Status prezens»; 2016. (in Russian)].
- Altobelli E., Scarselli G., Lattanzi A., Fortunato C., Profeta V.F. A comparison between Pap and HPV screening tests and screening methods. Mol. Clin. Oncol. 2016; 5(2): 348–54. https://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mco.2016.909.
- Chen K., Ouyang Y., Hillemanns P., Jentschke M. Excellent analytical and clinical performance of a dry self-sampling device for human papillo- mavirus detection in an urban Chinese referral population. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 2016; 42(12): 1839–45. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jog.13132.
- Ronco G., Dillner J., Elfström K.M., Tunesi S., Snijders P.J., Arbyn M. et al. Efficacy of HPV-based screening for prevention of invasive cervical cancer: follow-up of four European randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2014; 383(9916): 524–32. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62218-7.
- Tjalma W.A. The ideal cervical cancer screening recommendation for Belgium, an industrialized country in Europe. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 2014; 35(3): 211–8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2017.05.020.
- Saslow D., Solomon D., Lawson H.W., Killackey M., Kulasingam S.L., Cain J. et al. American Cancer Society, Amercan Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and American Society for Clinical Pathology screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 2012; 137(4): 516–42. https://dx.doi.org/10.1309/AJCPTGD94EVRSJCG.
- World Health Organization. Guidelines for screening and treatment of precancerous lesions for cervical cancer prevention. WHO guidelines. WHO; 2013.
- Underwood M., Arbyn M., ParrySmith W., De BellisAyres S., Todd R., Redman C.W. et al. Accuracy of colposcopydirected punch biopsies: a systematic review and metaanalysis. BJOG. 2012; 119(11): 1293–301. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2012.03444.x.
- Jeronimo J., Schiffman M. Colposcopy at a crossroads. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2006; 195(2): 349–53. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2006.01.091.
- Nayar R., Wilbur D.C. The Pap Test and Bethesda 2014. “The reports of my demise have been greatly exaggerated” (after a quotation from Mark Twain). Acta Cytol. 2015; 59(2): 121–32. https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000381842.
- Wei M.K. Pathology of сervical сarcinoma. The Global Library оf Women’s Medicine. 2017.
- El-Nashar S.A., Shazly S.A., Hopkins M.R., Bakkum-Gamez J.N., Famuyide A.O. Loop electrosurgical excision procedure instead of cold-knife conization for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with unsatisfactory colposcopic examinations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Low. Genit. Tract Dis. 2017; 21(2): 129–36. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/LGT.0000000000000287.
- Jiang Y., Chen C., Li L. Comparison of cold-knife conization versus loop electrosurgical excision for cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (ACIS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(1): e0170587. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170587.
- Hasegawa K., Torii Y., Kato R., Udagawa Y., Fukasawa I. The problems of cervical conization for postmenopausal patients. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 2016; 37(3): 327–31.
- Cheng X., Feng Y., Wang X., Wan X., Xie X., Lu W. The effectiveness of conization treatment for post-menopausal women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Exp. Ther. Med. 2013; 5(1): 185–8. https://dx.doi.org/10.3892/etm.2012.748.
- Морохов К.Ю., Нечушкина В.М., Кузнецов В.В. Актуальные вопросы хирургического лечения рака шейки матки. Практическая онкология. 2009; 10(2): 93–101. [Morokhov K.Yu., Nechushkina V.M., Kuznetsov V.V. Aktual’nye voprosy khirurgicheskogo lecheniya raka sheiki matki. Prakticheskaya onkologiya. 2009; 10(2): 93–101. (in Russian)].
- Кравец А., Кузнецов В.В., Морхов К.Ю., Нечушкина В.М., Хохлова С.В. Клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению рака шейки матки. М.: Ассоциация онкологов России; 2014. [Kravets A., Kuznetsov V.V., Morkhov K.Yu., Nechushkina V.M., Khokhlova S.V. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike i lecheniyu raka sheiki matki. Moscow: Assotsiatsiya onkologov Rossii; 2014. (in Russian)].
- Kobak W.H., Roman L.D., Felix J.C., Muderspach L.I., Schlaerth J.B., Morrow C.P. The role of endocervical curettage at cervical conization for high-grade dysplasia. Obstet. Gynecol. 1995; 85(2): 197–201.
- Сидорук А.А. Клинико-морфологические особенности и проблемы диагностики аденогенных карцином in situ шейки матки: дисс. … канд. мед. наук. Санкт-Петербург; 2009. [Sidoruk A.A. Kliniko-morfologicheskie osobennosti i problemy diagnostiki adenogennykh kartsinom in situ sheiki matki. Diss. St. Petersburg; 2009. (in Russian)].
- Pirtea L., Grigoraş D., Matusz P., Pirtea M., Moleriu L., Tudor A. et al. Human papilloma virus persistence after cone excision in women with cervical high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion: a prospective study. Can. J. Infect. Dis. Med. Microbiol. 2016; 2016: 3076380. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3076380.
- Tierney K.E., Lin P.S., Amezcua C., Koji Matsuo, Wei Ye, Felix J.C., Roman L.D. Cervical conization of adenocarcinoma in situ: a predicting model of residual disease. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2014; 210(4): 366. e5.
- Luna J., Plata M., Gonzalez M., Correa A., Maldonado I., Nossa C. et al. Long-term follow-up observation of the safety, immunogenicity, and effectiveness of Gardasil in adult women. PLoS One. 2013; 8(12): e8343. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083431.
- Бахидзе Е.В., Берлев И.В., Архангельская А.П., Малек А.В. Возможности оценки прогноза развития преинвазивных неоплазий шейки матки с помощью новейших молекулярно-биологических методов. Вопросы онкологии. 2016; 62(3): 397–400. [Bakhidze E.V., Berlev I.V., Arkhangelskaya P.A., Malek A.V. Possibilities of estimating the prognosis for development of preinvasive cervical neoplasia by the latest molecular biology methods. Voprosy onkologii. 2016; 62(3): 397–400. (in Russian)].
- Lee J.W., Choi C.H., Choi J.J., Park Y.A., Kim S.J., Hwang S.Y. et al. Altered MicroRNA expression in cervical carcinomas. Clin. Cancer Res. 2008; 14: 2535–42. https://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1231.
- Wang F., Li Y., Zhou J., Xu J., Peng C., Ye F. et al. miR-375 isdown regulated insquamous cervical cancer and inhibits cell migration and invasion iatargeting transcription factor SP1. Am. J. Pathol. 2011; 179(5): 2580–8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.07.037.
- Никогосян С.О., Каирбаеа М.Ж., Козаченко В.П., Жорданиа К.И., Кузнецов В.В. Хирургическое лечение рака яичников. В кн.: Горбунова В.А., ред. Диагностика и лечение рака яичников. М.; 2011: 87–117. [Nikogosyan S.O., Kairbaea M.Zh., Kozachenko V.P., Zhordania K.I., Kuznetsov V.V. Khirurgicheskoe lechenie raka yaichnikov. In: Gorbunova V.A., ed. Diagnostika i lechenie raka yaichnikov. Moscow; 2011: 87–117.(in Russian)].
- Bast RC. Jr. Status of tumor markers in ovarian cancer screening. J. Clin. Oncol. 2003; 21: 200–5.
- Bast R.C. Jr. Early detection of ovarian cancer: new technologies in pursuit of a disease that is neither common nor rare. Trans. Am. Clin. Climatol. Assoc. 2004; 115: 233–48.
- Клинико-лабораторная концепция исследования серологических опухолеассоциированных маркеров и некоторых гормонов у онкологических больных. М.: «МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена» – филиал ФГБУ «НМИРЦ» Минздрава России; 2016.10 с. [Kliniko-laboratornaya kontseptsiya issledovaniya serologicheskikh opukholeassotsiirovannykh markerov i nekotorykh gormonov u onkologicheskikh bol’nykh. Moscow: «MNIOI im. P.A. Gertsena» – filial FGBU «NMIRTs» Minzdrava Rossii; 2016. 10 p. (in Russian)].
- Чибисова Г.М, Хабаров С.В. Комплексное определение онкомаркеров СА125, НЕ1 и индекса ROMA, как фактор прогноза развития рака яичников. Вестник новых медицинских технологий. 2018; 25(3): 15–20. [Chibisova G.M., Khabarov S.V. Complex determination of oncoprotein ca 125, he 4 and roma index as a prognosis of ovarian cancer. Journal of New Medical Technologies/Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologii. 2018; 25(3): 15–20. (in Russian)].
- Подзолкова Н.М., Львова А.Г., Зубарев А.Р., Осадчев В.Б. Дифференциальная диагностика опухолей и опухолевидных образований яичников: клиническое значение трехмерной эхографии. Вопросы гинекологии, акушерства и перинатологии. 2009; 8(1): 7–16. [Podzolkova N.M., L’vova A.G., Zubarev A.R., Osadchev V.B. A differential diagnosis of tumors and tumor-like ovarian masses: the clinical significance of 3D echography. Voprosy ginekologii, akusherstva i perinatologii. 2009; 8(1): 7–16.(in Russian)].
- Delorme S., Knopp M.V. Non-invasive vascular imaging: assessing tumour vascularity. Eur. Radiol. 1998; 8(4): 517–27. https://dx.doi.org/0.1007/s003300050428.
- Claudon M., Cosgrove D., Albrecht T., Bolondi L., Bosio M., Calliada F. et al. Guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) – update 2008. Ultraschall Med. 2008; 29(1): 28–44. https://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-963785.
- Irvine T., Wanitkun S., Powers J., Shiota T., Kenny A., Sahn D.J. Acoustically stimulated transient power scattering explains enhanced detection of the very low velocities in myocardial capillaries by power Doppler imaging: an in vitro study. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 1999; 12(8): 643–9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1053/je.1999.v12.a99067.
- Урманчеева А.Ф., Мешкова И.Е. Вопросы эпидемиологии и диагностики рака яичников. Практическая онкология. 2000; 1(4): 7–13. [Urmancheeva A.F., Meshkova I.E. Voprosy epidemiologii i diagnostiki raka yaichnikov. Prakticheskaya onkologiya. 2000; 1(4): 7–13. (in Russian)].
- Liu Z., Yang F., Zhang Y., Yu H., Zhu H., Yang R., Fan L. Conventional, Doppler and Contrast–Enhanced Ultrasonography in Differential Diagnosis of Ovarian Masses. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 2016; 39(6): 2398–408. https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000452508.
- Любченко Л.Н., Батенева Е.И. Медико-генетическое консультирование и ДНК-диагностика при наследственной предрасположенности к раку молочной железы и раку яичников. М.: ИГ РОНЦ; 2014. 75 с. [Lyubchenko L.N., Bateneva E.I. Mediko-geneticheskoe konsul’tirovanie i DNK-diagnostika pri nasledstvennoi predraspolozhennosti k raku molochnoi zhelezy i raku yaichnikov. Moscow: IG RONTs; 2014. 75 p. (in Russian)].
- Лаптиев С.А., Корженевская М.А., Соколенко А.П., Иевлева А.Г., Имянитов Е.Н. Медико-генетическое консультирование при наследственных формах рака молочной железы и рака яичников. Ученые записки СПбГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова. 2018; 25(2): 7–18. [Laptiev S.A, Korzhenevskaia M.A., Sokolenko A.P, Iyevleva A.G., Imyanitov E.N. Medical and genetic counseling of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. The Scientific Notes of the I.P. Pavlov St. Petersburg State Medical University/ Uchenye zapiski SPbGMU im. akad. I.P. Pavlova. 2018; 25(2): 7–18.(in Russian)].
Received 13.01.2020
Accepted 15.01.2020
About the Authors
Olga E. Lavrinovich, PhD, researcher at the Department of Oncogynecology, head of the department of minor surgery of the National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Petrov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. E-mail: olgalav1973@mail.ruAddress: 197758 Russia, St. Petersburg, pos. Pesochny, st. Leningradskaya 68.
Olga A. Smirnova, MD, PhD, Oncologist at the Surgical Oncogynecology Department of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Oncology named after N.N. Petrova Ministry of Health of Russia. Tel.:+7(921)421-13-59; Email: ssmirnova.oa@gmail.com
Address: 197758, St. Petersburg, pos. Pesochny, st. Leningradskaya, 68.
Irina E. Meshkova, PhD, oncologist of the surgical oncogynecological department of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Oncology named after N.N. Petrova Ministry of Health of Russia. E-mail: meshkova.62@bk.ru
Address: 197758 St. Petersburg, pos. Pesochny, st. Leningradskaya, 68.
Elena A. Ulrich, MD, professor, oncologist of the surgical oncogynecological department of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Oncology named after N.N. Petrova , Ministry of Health of Russia, Professor, Department of Oncology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education Northwest State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov Ministry of Health of Russia. E-mail: elenaulrikh@yandex.ru
Address: 197758 Russia, St. Petersburg, pos. Pesochny, st. Leningradskaya 68.
191015 Russia, St. Petersburg, ul. Kirochnaya, 41.
Nikolay A. Mikaya, MD, Head of the Department of Oncogynecology, Oncologist, Surgical Oncogynecology Department of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Oncology named after N.N. Petrova Ministry of Health of Russia. E-mail: nmikaya@mail.ru; ORCID: 0000-0002-5401-899X
Address: 197758 St. Petersburg, pos. Pesochny, st. Leningradskaya 68.
Maria G. Yakovleva, graduate student of the Scientific Department of Oncogynecology, Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific Research Center for Oncology named after N.N. Petrova Ministry of Health of Russia. Tel.: + 7(911)813-95-44. E-mail: mersend@mail.ru; ORCID: 0000-0002-1593-6771
Address: 197758 Russia, St. Petersburg, pos. Pesochny, st. Leningradskaya 68
Nikolay E. Bondarev, PhD, senior researcher of the Department of Oncogynecology, Federal State Budgetary Institution Oncology Research Center named after N.N. Petrova Ministry of Health of Russia. Tel.: +7 (812)439-9555. Fax: +7 (812)596-8947. E-mail: oncl@rion.spb.ru
197758, St. Petersburg, pos. Pesochny, st. Leningradskaya 68.
Alina V. Abramova, Oncologist, Clinical and Diagnostic Department, Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific Research Center for Oncology named after N.N. Petrova Ministry of Health of Russia. Tel.: +7 (812)439-9555. Fax:+7 (812)596-8947. E-mail: oncl@rion.spb.ru
Address: 197758, St. Petersburg, pos. Pesochny, st. Leningradskaya, 68.
Zaur N. Ibragimov, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Researcher, Department of Oncogynecology, Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific Research Center for Oncology named after N.N. Petrova Ministry of Health of Russia. Tel.: +7(812)439-9555. E-mail: oncl@rion.spb.ru
Address: 197758 Russia, St. Petersburg, pos. Pesochny, st. Leningradskaya 68
Rita M. Beibulatova, clinical intern Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific Research Center for Oncology named after N.N. Petrova Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Tel.:+7(812)439-9555. Fax: +7(812)596-8947. E-mail: rita.beibulatova@mail.ru
Address: 197758 St. Petersburg, pos. Pesochny, st. Leningradskaya, 68.
Ekaterina A. Nekrasova, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Researcher at the Department of Oncogynecology, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center for Oncology named after N.N. Petrova »Ministry of Health of Russia. Tel .: +7(812)439-9555. Fax: +7 (812) 596-8947. E-mail: ekaterina_neks@mail.ru
Tatyana V. Gorodnova, candidate of medical sciences, researcher at the Department of Oncogynecology of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution N.M. Petrov Research Center for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Tel.: +7 (921)305-82-18. E-mail: t.gorodnova@mail.ru; SPIN-code of the author in the RSCI: 2661-9106; ORCID: 0000-0003-1719-7498
Address: 197758 St. Petersburg, pos. Pesochny, st. Leningradskaya, 68.
Andrei A. Mikhetko, candidate of medical sciences, head of the cytology laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific Research Center for Oncology named after N.N. Petrova. E-mail: amikhetko@mail.ru;
SPIN code: 3988-1947. Author ID: 932425.
Address: 197758 St. Petersburg, p. Pesochny, st. Leningradskaya 68.
Adel F. Urmancheeva, MD, professor, leading researcher at the Department of Oncogynecology, Federal State Budgetary Institution Oncology named after N.N. Petrova, Ministry of Health of Russia, Professor, Department of Oncology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education Northwest State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov Ministry of Health of Russia. E-mail: adaurm@mail.ru; SPIN of the author in the RSCI: 4169-6011
Address: 197758 Russia, St. Petersburg, pos. Pesochny, st. Leningradskaya 68.
191015 Russia, St. Petersburg, ul. Kirochnaya, d. 41.
Igor V. Berlev, MD, professor, head of the scientific department of oncogynecology, Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific Research Center for Oncology named after N.N. Petrova Ministry of Health of Russia, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology FSBEI HE North-West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov Ministry of Health of Russia. Email: iberlev@gmail.com; ORCID: 0000-0001-6937-2740
Address: 197758 St. Petersburg, pos. Pesochny, st. Leningradskaya 68
191015 St. Petersburg, ul. Kirochnaya, 41
Alexey M. Belyaev, MD, professor, director of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Oncology Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Petrova Ministry of Health of Russia. Tel.: +7(812)439-9555. E-mail: oncl@rion.spb.ru
197758, St. Petersburg, pos. Pesochny, st. Leningradskaya, 68
For citation: Lavrinovich O.E., Smirnova O.A., Meshkova I.E., Ul’rikh E.A., Mikaya N.A., Yakovleva M.G., Bondarev N.E., Abramova A.V., Ibragimov Z.N., Beibulatova R.M., Nekrasova E.A., Gorodnova T.V., Mikhet’ko A.A., Urmancheeva A.F., Berlev I.V., Belyaev A.M. Main oncological aspects of the diagnosis of precancerous diseases and early stages of endometrial, cervical and ovarian malignancies.
Akusherstvo i Ginekologiya/Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020; 1(Suppl): 5-17 (in Russian)
https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2020.1suppl.5-17