Molecular genetic markers in the pathogenesis of fetal growth retardation

DOI

https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2023.170

Gasymova Sh.R., Tyutyunnik V.L., Kan N.E., Volochaeva M.V., Borisova A.G.
Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Centre for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia

The article presents the analysis of the data of modern literature on the actual aspects of fetal growth retardation (FGR) verification in terms of molecular genetic diagnostic methods. The review includes the data of foreign and Russian scientists published in PubMed and eLibrary. The problem of the FGR diagnosis remains relevant, despite the “golden standard” of diagnosis meeting the criteria adopted by the international consensus of Delphi which was introduced into the practice of obstetricians, gynecologists and ultrasound specialists. The article presents the results of the analysis of the literature data on the role of molecular genetic markers in the FGR pathogenesis, various mechanisms of the FGR development in terms of genomics, transcriptomics, as well as the analysis of their combination with the factors of the hemostasis system. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of the FGR development due to the changes in immune processes, inflammatory reactions, as well as the changes in the processes of angiogenesis in the placenta. This study also examines the possibility of diagnosing a fetus with FGR using the assessment of the level of extracellular fetal DNA, the processes of methylation of genes-regulators of metabolic pathways and a number of immune processes. The literature data on the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in FGR are of particular interest; microRNAs isolated from the placenta and circulating in the blood of pregnant women are studied. The search for specific minimally invasive markers currently continues as they have already allowed the clinicians to improve the existing criteria for diagnosis.
Conclusion: Despite the progress in the field of molecular genetics, there is still a need for accurate diagnosis, prevention and rational management of pregnancy complicated by FGR to improve perinatal outcomes. The study of the molecular mechanisms underlying this syndrome may be useful for a better understanding of the signaling pathways involved in the FGR pathogenesis.

Authors’ contributions: Gasymova Sh.R., Tyutyunnik V.L., Kan N.E., Volochaeva M.V., Borisova A.G. – developing the concept and design of the study, obtaining the data for analysis, collecting publications, processing and analyzing the material on the issue, writing the text of the manuscript, editing the article.
Conflicts of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Funding: The study was conducted without sponsorship.
For citation: Gasymova Sh.R., Tyutyunnik V.L., Kan N.E., Volochaeva M.V., Borisova A.G. Molecular genetic markers in the pathogenesis of fetal growth retardation. Akusherstvo i Ginekologiya/Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2023; (11): 20-26 (in Russian)
https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2023.170

fetal growth retardation

diagnostics

molecular genetic markers

omics technologies

thrombophilic mutations

microRNA

Full text (in Russian)

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Received 11.07.2023

Accepted 08.11.2023

Shagane R. Gasymova, Junior Researcher, Department of Fetal Medicine, Institute Of Obstetrics, ultrasound diagnostics doctor, Department of Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics, obstetrician-gynecologist, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, +7(916)542-22-99, shagane2501@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2626-6670, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Ac. Oparina str., 4.
Victor L. Tyutyunnik, Professor, MD, PhD, Leading Researcher of the Center for Scientific and Clinical Research, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, +7(903)969-50-41, tioutiounnik@mail.ru, Researcher ID: B-2364-2015,
SPIN-код: 1963-1359, Authors ID: 213217, Scopus Author ID: 56190621500, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5830-5099, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Ac. Oparina str., 4.
Natalia E. Kan, Professor, MD, PhD, Deputy Director of Science, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Ministry of Health of Russia, +7(926)220-86-55, kan-med@mail.ru, Researcher ID: B-2370-2015, SPIN-код: 5378-8437, Authors ID: 624900,
Scopus Author ID: 57008835600, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5087-5946, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Ac. Oparina str., 4.
Maria V. Volochaeva, PhD, Senior Researcher, Department of Regional Cooperation and Integration, Physician at the 1 Maternity Department, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, +7(919)968-72-98, volochaeva.m@yandex.ru,
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8953-7952, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Ac. Oparina str., 4.
Anastasia G. Borisova, postgraduate student, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health
of Russia, +7(968)735-40-81, vvv92@list.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5234-1584, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Ac. Oparina str., 4.
Corresponding author: Shagane R. Gasymova, shagane2501@mail.ru.

Molecular genetic markers in the pathogenesis of fetal growth retardation

Gasymova Sh.R., Tyutyunnik V.L., Kan N.E., Volochaeva M.V., Borisova A.G.

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