ISSN 0300-9092 (Print)
ISSN 2412-5679 (Online)

Etiology, pathogenesis, and risk factors of endometrial hyperplasia

Churnosov V.I., Ponomarenko I.V., Ponomarenko M.S., Churnosov M.I.

Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia

Endometrial hyperplasia is a common gynecological disease in women of reproductive age characterized by significant changes in the endometrium, with an increase in gland to stroma ratio. Endometrial hyperplasia tends to develop into endometrial cancer. Therefore, early detection and treatment of this condition is of great importance for improving the quality of life and prognosis. This pathology continues to be the subject of attention for Russian and foreign scientists, as there are currently more questions about the causes and mechanisms of endometrial hyperplasia than answers. Imbalance in the estrogen-progesterone system, inflammatory processes and other factors play an important role in the development of endometrial hyperplasia. Significant risk factors of endometrial hyperplasia include obesity, insulin resistance, chronic anovulation, polycystic ovary syndrome, characteristics of the uterine microbiota, early menarche, late menopause, lack of pregnancy in the history, genetic factors, etc. The review offers a fresh perspective on the ‘old’ issue.
Conclusion: The literature suggests that endometrial hyperplasia is a complex and multifactorial condition. At the same time, there is no universally accepted concept of the etiology and pathogenesis of endometrial hyperplasia, which means that further research in this area is required.

Authors’ contributions: Churnosov V.I., Ponomarenko M.S. – literature search and analysis, data summary, writing the text of the manuscript; Ponomarenko I.V. – developing the concept of the article, editing the text of the manuscript; Churnosov M.I. – reviewing, final editing.
Conflicts of interest: Authors declare lack of the possible conflicts of interest.
Funding: The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation Grant No. 25-25-00034, https://rscf.ru/project/25-25-00034/.
For citation: Churnosov V.I., Ponomarenko I.V., Ponomarenko M.S., Churnosov M.I. 
Etiology, pathogenesis, and risk factors of endometrial hyperplasia.
Akusherstvo i Ginekologiya/Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2025; (6): 20-26 (in Russian)
https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2025.26

Keywords

endometrial hyperplasia
etiology
pathogenesis
risk factors

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Received 07.02.2025

Accepted 15.05.2025

About the Authors

Vladimir I. Churnosov, PhD student at the Department of Biomedical Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015, Russia, Belgorod, Pobedy str., 85, +7(4722)30-13-83, vchurnosov@yandex.kz, https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8519-4594
Irina V. Ponomarenko, Dr. Med. Sci., Professor at the Department of Medical and Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University,
308015, Russia, Belgorod, Pobedy str., 85, +7(4722)30-13-83, ponomarenko_i@bsuedu.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5652-0166
Marina S. Ponomarenko, PhD student at the Department of Biomedical Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015, Russia, Belgorod, Pobedy str., 85, +7(4722)30-13-83, ponomarenkomc@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0312-0829
Mikhail I. Churnosov, Dr. Med. Sci., Head of the Department of Medical and Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015, Russia, Belgorod, Pobedy str., 85, +7(4722)30-13-83, churnosov@bsuedu.ru, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-6134
Corresponding author: Irina V. Ponomarenko, ponomarenko_i@bsuedu.ru

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