Comprehensive analysis of oral and cervical microbiocenosis and gut microbiota in pregnant women with gingivitis
Burduli A.G., Tetruashvili N.K., Balmasova I.P., Donnikov A.E., Krasheninnikova R.V., Arutyunov S.D.
Objective. To perform comprehensive analysis of the clinical features of the course of pregnancy, cervical and oral microbiocenosis, and gut microbiota in women with gingivitis.
Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted from 2023 to 2024. It included 98 pregnant women without complicated obstetric and gynecological history. The patients were divided into 4 groups based on the presence or absence of gingivitis and inflammation index (II) calculation, that was calculated via matrix mRNA expression of innate immunity-related genes in cervical canal scraping samples. Group 1 (n=22) included women without gingivitis; II≤ 60%. Group 2I (n=6) included women with gingivitis; II≤60%. Group 3 (n=58) comprised women without gingivitis; II>60%. Group 4 comprised women with gingivitis; II>60%. The study assessed pregnancy complications, current pregnancy outcomes, characteristics of oral and cervical microbiocenosis, and gut microbiota. Statistical data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). In hypotheses testing the differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to determine statistically significant relationship between the variables at p<0.05.
Results. Comparison of the frequency of pregnancy complications found the difference in premature rupture of fetal membranes (PROM) (F=12.96, p<0.001). The intergroup analysis showed the difference in this parameter between Groups 1 and 4 – 0/22 (0%) versus 6/12 (50%), p<0.001. The greatest changes in species composition and quantitative representation in the cervical and oral microbiocenosis and gut microbiota were found in groups 2 and 4 with gingivitis compared to group 1. Correlation analysis of relationship between microorganisms in the composition of the analyzed microbiocenosis and premature rupture of membranes showed statistically significant relationship between this clinical parameter and periodontal pathogens P. gingivalis, Tr. denticola и C. albicans in the gingival sulcus, opportunistic pathogens Streptococcus spp. in the cervical canal in group 4, and Peptoniphilaceae, Prevotella spp., E. coli. in the large intestine in groups 3 and 4.
Conclusion. The role of the infectious factor in the pathogenesis of PROM as pregnancy complication, traditionally suggests analysis of the reproductive tract microbiota. Analysis of microbiocenosis of other biotopes, especially in cases of distant inflammation (gingivitis), made it possible to identify oral, cervical canal and gut microbial species that form correlation pairs with premature rupture of membranes. The obtained data indicate the importance of the integrated (exploration of microbiocenosis of different biotopes) and multidisciplinary approach (importance of taking into account dental health status) to identify risk groups for premature rupture of membranes.
Authors' contributions. Burduli A.G., Balmasova I.P., Tetruashvili N.K. – the study concept and design; Burduli A.G., Donnikov A.E., Krasheninnikova R.V. – material collection and processing; Burduli A.G., Balmasova I.P. – data analysis; Burduli A.G. – manuscript writing; Tetruashvili N.K., Donnikov A.E., Arutyunov S.D. – manuscript editing.
Conflicts of interest. The authors confirm that they have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Funding. The study was conducted without any sponsorship.
Ethical Approval. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of Russia (protocol No 6 of September 17, 2023.
Generative Artificial Intelligence. No generative AI was used in preparing this article.
Patient Consent for Publication. The patients have signed informed consent for publication of their data.
Authors' Data Sharing Statement. The data supporting the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author after approval from the principal investigator.
For citation: Burduli A.G., Tetruashvili N.K., Balmasova I.P., Donnikov A.E., Krasheninnikova R.V., Arutyunov S.D. Comprehensive analysis of oral and cervical microbiocenosis and gut microbiota in pregnant women with gingivitis.
Akusherstvo i Ginekologiya/Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026; (10): 81-88 (in Russian)
https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2026.131
Keywords
premature rupture of membranes
microbiocenosis
microbiome
microbiota
gingivitis
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Received 22.04.2026
Accepted 02.10.2026
About the Authors
Anna G. Burduli, PhD, Senior Researcher at the B.V. Leonov Department of Assisted Technologies for the Treatment of Infertility, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Acad. Oparin str. 4, +7(495)531-44-44,+7(985)120-36-14, burdulianna@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2849-5426
Nana K. Tetruashvili, PhD, Head of the Obstetric Department of Pregnancy Pathology No. 2, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Acad. Oparin str. 4+7(495)438-14-77, n_tetruashvili@oparina4.ru,
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9201-2281
Irina P. Balmasova, Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular Biological Research, Scientific Research Medical Dentistry Institution, Scientific and Educational Institution of Basic Medicine named after V.I. Pokrovsky, Russian University of Medicine, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation,
27006, Russia, Moscow, Dolgorukovskaya str., 4, +7(910)468-97-72, iri.balm@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-2419
Andrey E. Donnikov, PhD, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Methods, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Ac. Oparina str., 4, +7(495)438-49-51, a_donnikov@oparina4.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3504-2406
Regina V. Krasheninnikova, Geneticist at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Methods, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Oparina str., 4, +7(495)438-49-51 ex. 3101, r_krasheninnikova@oparina4.ru,
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2903-1225
Sergey D. Arutyunov, Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Head of Department of Orthopedic Dentistry and Digital Technologies, Russian University of Medicine,
Ministry of Health of Russia, 127473, Russia, Moscow, Delegatskaya str., 20-1, sd.arutyunov@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6512-8724
Corresponding author: Anna G. Burduli, burdulianna@gmail.com
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