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Obstetrics and Gynegology2022№8
Fetal growth retardation in the...

Fetal growth retardation in the context of fetal programming

DOI
https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2022.8.5-10

Soldatova E.E., Kan N.E., Tyutyunnik V.L., Volochaeva M.V.

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Current literature data on the role of fetal programming in fetal growth retardation are analyzed. The paper considers the mechanisms and scientific hypotheses of fetal programming, which lead to the formation of a predisposition in children to metabolic, endocrine, and cardiovascular diseases just in adulthood. It discusses the role of the growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor axis in fetal programming and its relationship between fetal growth retardation and obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. The paper describes a pregnant woman’s exposure to various adverse environmental factors and their influence on the expression of the genes responsible for the synthesis of the hormones that regulate energy metabolism. A special role is assigned to epigenetic mechanisms. The latter manifest themselves as responses to certain negative prenatal factors, form the basis for fetal programming, determine not only the final weight and growth rates for the newborn, but also form the latter’s predisposition to various diseases.
Conclusion: Emerging information about the role of fetal programming in the development of certain diseases in adult life may become an important driving force in an attempt to stop the incidence rate of this pathology.

Keywords

fetal growth retardation
fetal programming
epigenetics
thrifty phenotype
Full text (in Russian)

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Received 01.04.2022

Accepted 20.07.2022

About the Authors

Ekaterina E. Soldatova, postgraduate student, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology,
Ministry of Health of Russia, +7(906)110-51-13, katerina.soldatova95@bk.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6463-3403, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Ac. Oparina str., 4.
Natalia E. Kan, Professor, MD, PhD, Deputy Director for Science, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, +7(926)220-86-55, kan-med@mail.ru, Researcher ID: B-2370-2015, SPIN-код: 5378-8437,
Authors ID: 624900, Scopus Author ID: 57008835600, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5087-5946, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Ac. Oparina str., 4.
Victor L. Tyutyunnik, Professor, MD, PhD, Leading Researcher of Research and Development Service, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, +7(903)969-50-41, tioutiounnik@mail.ru, Researcher ID: B-2364-2015, SPIN-код: 1963-1359,
Authors ID: 213217, Scopus Author ID: 56190621500, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5830-5099, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Ac. Oparina str., 4.
Maria V. Volochaeva, PhD, Senior Researcher, 1st Obstetrics Department, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russia, +7(919)968-72-98, m_volochaeva@oparina4.ru, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Ac. Oparina str., 4.

Authors' contributions: Soldatova E.E., Kan N.E., Tyutyunnik V.L., Volochaeva M.V. – the concept and design of the investigation, obtaining data for analysis, collecting publications, processing and analyzing material on the topic, writing the text of the manuscript, editing the article.
Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
Funding: The investigation has not been sponsored.
For citation: Soldatova E.E., Kan N.E., Tyutyunnik V.L., Volochaeva M.V. Fetal growth retardation in the context of fetal programming.
Akusherstvo i Ginekologiya/Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2022; 8: 5-10 (in Russian)
http://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2022.8.5-10

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