Fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma: new about an old problem

DOI

https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2022.267

Kadyrberdieva F.Z., Syrkashev E.M., Kostyukov K.V., Shmakov R.G.
Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia

Fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a complex multifactorial disease; the prediction of its outcomes remains an unresolved problem. SCT complicates not only the postnatal period, but also the antenatal one: there is compression of adjacent organs, tumor rupture, tumor hemorrhage, heart failure, nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF), and antepartum fetal death. A literature analysis could identify the factors of an adverse outcome in fetal SCT; when they are detected, fetal surgery is used worldwide. The goal of intrauterine surgery is to reduce/stop blood supply to the tumor and to resect or completely remove the latter in order to improve perinatal outcomes.
Early detection of fetal malformations, widespread clinical introduction and use of the known factors of an adverse outcome will be able to make a timely decision on the possibility and expediency of prolonging pregnancy; but in some cases to significantly affect perinatal outcomes while timely using fetal surgical interventions. Fetal surgery for high-risk SCT certainly improves perinatal outcomes; however, there is today no consensus on the indications for surgery, procedures, and timing of implementation, which requires further investigations.
Conclusion: When there is a preponderance of a cystic component having a low vascularity, the prognosis of SCT is considered relatively favorable. When there is solid SCT with an abundant vascularity, there are high risks for heart failure and NIHF, resulting in an adverse outcome. Therefore, these cases need active tactics: follow-up, intrauterine surgical interventions done as clinically indicated, as well as timely delivery.

Authors’ contributions: Kadyrberdieva F.Z., Syrkashev E.M., Kostyukov K.V., Shmakov R.G. – review of publications on the topic of the article, analysis of the findings, writing the article.
Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that there are no possible conflicts of interest.
Funding: The investigation has not been sponsored.
For citation: Kadyrberdieva F.Z., Syrkashev E.M., Kostyukov K.V., Shmakov R.G. Fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma: new about an old problem.
Akusherstvo i Ginekologiya/Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2023; (2): 12-17 (in Russian)
https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2022.267

fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma

fetal surgery

open fetal surgery

nonimmune hydrops fetalis

fetal malformation

Full text (in Russian)

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Received 14.11.2022

Accepted 18.01.2023

Faina Z. Kadyrberdieva, PhD, obstetrician-gynecologist, Academician V.I. Kulakov NMRC for OG&P, Ministry of Health of Russia, +7(909)916-58-52,
f_kadyrberdieva@oparina4.ru, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Ac. Oparina str., 4.
Egor M. Syrkashev, PhD, Researcher at the Radiology Department, Academician V.I. Kulakov NMRC for OG&P, Ministry of Health of Russia, e_syrkashev@oparina4.ru, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Ac. Oparina str., 4.
Kirill V. Kostyukov, Dr. Med. Sci., Head of the Department of the Functional Diagnosis, Academician V.I. Kulakov NMRC for OG&P, Ministry of Health of Russia,
+7(495)438-25-29, k_kostyukov@oparina4.ru, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Ac. Oparina str., 4.
Roman G. Shmakov, Dr. Med. Sci., Professor of the RAS, Director of the Institute of Obstetrics, Academician V.I. Kulakov NMRC for OG&P, Ministry of Health of Russia, +7(495)438-72-00, r_shmakov@oparina4.ru, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Ac. Oparina str., 4.

Fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma: new about an old problem

Kadyrberdieva F.Z., Syrkashev E.M., Kostyukov K.V., Shmakov R.G.

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