Diagnosis, therapy and prevention of neonatal infections caused by multidrug-resistant opportunistic microorganisms: historical overview and current concepts

Amelin I.M., Nikitina I.V., Gordeev A.B., Priputnevich T.V., Zubkov V.V.

1) Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Centre for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; 2) I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; 3) N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia

The present literature review describes in detail the issue of multidrug resistance of bacterial microflora to antimicrobials in neonatal intensive care units. The existing data from the first reported cases of resistance among individual strains of opportunistic microorganisms up to the present time have been analyzed. The results of the literature review revealed the key reasons of the rapid formation of bacterial resistance, showed its leading trends and provided the latest data on the main cellular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. Thus, new opportunities to affect the targets of microorganisms aimed at overcoming their resistance can be found. Given the high frequency of lethal outcomes in newborns with neonatal sepsis, the review presents relevant information on modern methods for diagnosing opportunistic microorganisms and determining their spectrum of resistance to antimicrobial drugs in order to timely prescribe effective eradication therapy.
Conclusion: The increasing multidrug resistance in hospital strains of opportunistic microorganisms in neonatal units presents a significant threat to the health of newborns. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive study of new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections. 

Authors’ contributions: Amelin I.M., Nikitina I.V. – developing the concept and design of the article; Amelin I.M. – collecting and processing the material, writing the text; Gordeev A.B., Zubkov V.V., Nikitina I.V., Priputnevich T.V. – editing the article.
Conflicts of interest: Authors declare lack of the possible conflicts of interests.
Funding: The study was performed within the framework of the state assignment of the Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Centre for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, for 2021-2023, “Early minimally invasive diagnosis and prediction of infectious and inflammatory diseases in newborns using modern echographic, microbiological, immunological and molecular genetic research methods”, 121032500123-2.
For citation: Amelin I.M., Nikitina I.V., Gordeev A.B., Priputnevich T.V., Zubkov V.V. Diagnosis, therapy and prevention of neonatal infections caused by multidrug-resistant opportunistic microorganisms: historical overview and current concepts.
Akusherstvo i Ginekologiya/Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2024; (7): 48-57 (in Russian)
https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2024.115

Keywords

drug resistance
antimicrobials
resistance
ESKAPE
newborn
NICU
sepsis
infection
diagnosis

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Received 15.05.2024

Accepted 10.07.2024

About the Authors

Ivan M. Amelin, postgraduate student at the Department of Neonatology, Institute of Postgraduate Education, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Oparina str., 4, +7(963)751-70-08, suomi161@gmail.com,
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4240-3161
Irina V. Nikitina, Dr. Med. Sci., Leading Researcher at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit №2 of the Institute of Neonatology and Pediatrics, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Professor at Neonatology Department, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Oparina str., 4,
+7(495)531-44-44 (ex. 2700, 2697), i_nikitina@oparina4.ru, Researcher ID: AAH-3465-2019, Scopus ID: 57189233499, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1103-1908
Alexey B. Gordeev, Ph.D. (Bio), Head of the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Microbiology, Antimicrobial Therapy and Epidemiology, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, 117997, Russia, Moscow,
Oparina str., 4, +7(916)226-86-67, a_gordeev@oparina4.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4126-9730
Tatiana V. Priputnevich, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Med. Sci., Associate Professor, Head of the Institute of Microbiology, Antimicrobial Therapy and Epidemiology, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia,
117997, Russia, Moscow, Oparina str., 4; Professor at the Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, +7(495)438-25-10 (ex. 2770), priput1@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4126-9730
Viktor V. Zubkov, Dr. Med. Sci., Director of the Institute of Neonatology and Pediatrics, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, 117997, Russia, Moscow, Oparina str., 4; Professor at Neonatal Department at Pediatric Faculty, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), victor.zubkov@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9697-9596

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