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The Journal "Obstetrics and Gynecology"Journal HistoryAims and ScopePolicies on Conflict of Interest, Human and Animal Rights, and Informed ConsentEditorial ProcessData sharing statementAdvertising PolicyThe Process for Handling Cases Requiring Corrections, Retractions, and Editorial Expressions of ConcernEditorial BoardEditorial CounsilInformation for ProfessionalsNewsContacts
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Obstetrics and Gynegology2026№5

The role of genetic polymorphism of xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes in the development of congenital malformations in the fetus

DOI
https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2025.367

Saltykova P.E., Shramko S.V., Savkova A.V., Gulyaeva L.F.

1) Novokuznetsk State Institute of Advanced Medical Training – Branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia, Novokuznetsk, Russia; 2) Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia

Over the past few decades, congenital malformations have been the leading cause of perinatal mortality, contributing significantly to infant mortality and disability. The etiology of congenital malformations is multifactorial; it is poorly understood and it requires further scientific research.
The aim of this review was to analyze data on the possible role of genetic polymorphism in the enzymes of xenobiotic biotransformation systems (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, SULT1A1, GSTM, GSTT, GSTP) in the development of congenital malformations. The review included 48 publications, comprising meta-analyses, reviews and articles obtained from eLibrary, Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, and Russian State Library.
The biotransformation of xenobiotics is genetically determined and serves to detoxify and eliminate toxic exogenous and endogenous substances from the body. The activity of the xenobiotic biotransformation enzyme system is controlled by cytochrome P450 genes. Numerous studies have found a connection between the genetic polymorphism of xenobiotic biotransformation enzyme system and the occurrence of various diseases, as well as reproductive dysfunction and miscarriage in women living in areas with poor environmental conditions. In the last decade, a series of studies has been devoted to the search for a link between the risk of congenital heart defects in the fetus and the presence of genetic polymorphisms CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1 and CYP2E in mothers living in environments with high levels of pollution and stress. 
Conclusion. Polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes involved in xenobiotic biotransformation systems have a definite influence on the risk of developing congenital malformations. It is advisable to investigate the relationship between of allelic variants of genes responsible for modulating the toxic effects of xenobiotics on the developing fetus, especially in regions with high anthropogenic pressure.

Authors’ contributions. Saltykova P.E., Shramko S.V. – developing the concept and design of the study, writing the text; Saltykova P.E., Savkova A.V. – collecting and processing the material; Shramko S.V., Gulyaeva L.F. – editing the article, final approval of the article for publication.
Conflicts of interest. The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.
Funding. The study was carried out within the framework of the budget project of the Federal Research Center for Physical and Mathematical Sciences on the topic ‘Postgenomic high-tech studies of the mechanisms of development of socially significant diseases and stress-induced conditions’.
For citation: Saltykova P.E., Shramko S.V., Savkova A.V., Gulyaeva L.F. The role of genetic polymorphism of 
xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes in the development of congenital malformations in the fetus.
Akusherstvo i Ginekologiya/Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026; (5): 5-11 (in Russian)
https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2025.367

Keywords

enzymes of xenobiotic biotransformation system
congenital malformations in the fetus
CYP1A1
CYP1A2
CYP1B1
SULT1A1
GSTM
GSTT
GSTP
Full text (in Russian)

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Received 10.12.2025

Accepted 31.03.2026

About the Authors

Polina E. Saltykova, Teaching Assistant at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Novokuznetsk State Institute of Advanced Medical Training – branch of RMACPE, Ministry of Health of Russia, 654005, Russia, Kemerovo region, Novokuznetsk, Stroiteley Ave., 5, +7(913)433-20-64, urtika66@gmail.com,
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2591-6798
Svetlana V. Shramko, Dr. Med. Sci., Associate Professor, Professor at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Novokuznetsk State Institute for Advanced Medical Training – branch of RMACPE, Ministry of Health of Russia, 654005, Russia, Kemerovo region, Novokuznetsk, Stroiteley Ave., 5, +7(961)714-00-13, shramko_08@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1299-165Х
Alina V. Savkova, Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117, Russia, Novosibirsk region, Novosibirsk, Timakova str., 2/12; Senior Lecturer, IESEN NSPU, +7(905)933-32-19, bifshteks@inbox.ru,
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8930-4622
Lyudmila F. Gulyaeva, Dr. Bio. Sci., Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117, Russia, Novosibirsk region, Novosibirsk, Timakova str., 2/12, +7(384)334-88-40, lfguliaeva@frcftm.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7693-377
Corresponding author: Polina E. Saltykova, urtika66@gmail.com

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