A new perspective on uterine embryogenesis
Makiyan Z.N.
Background: The embryonic development of the uterus and vagina has been studied through a systematic review of scientific literature, from the earliest published papers to the most recent studies. According to the theory proposed by Muller in 1830, the fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina develop from fused paramesonephric ducts, while the mesonephric ducts are reduced in the female fetus.
Results: A comparative analysis of clinical variations of uterine abnormalities was conducted based on the results of the observations between 1996 and 2025. Some complex issues have been identified, namely, how to draw a distinction line between the uterus, which has a thick layer of myometrium and endometrial cavity, and the fallopian tubes and vagina during the fusion of symmetrical genital ducts. The origin of the normal endometrium is still unknown. The results of the review demonstrated the chronological stages of embryonic morphogenesis; relevant references to primary sources were provided.
Conclusion: A new theory of uterine embryogenesis has been formulated: the fallopian tubes and vagina develop from the mesonephric ducts, and the uterus is formed by the fusion of the mesonephric ducts with the gonadal ridges. The proposed new theory may be the key to understanding abnormalities in the development of the uterus, as well as major gynecological diseases such as myoma and endometriosis from embryonic polypotent cells.
Conflicts of interest: The author declares lack of the possible conflicts of interest.
Funding: The study was conducted without sponsorship.
For citation: Makiyan Z.N. A new perspective on uterine embryogenesis.
Akusherstvo i Ginekologiya/Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2025; (10): 166-172 (in Russian)
https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2025.276
Keywords
paramesonephric
mesonephric ducts
uterine abnormalities
organogenesis
myoma
endometriosis
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Received 30.06.2025
Accepted 10.07.2025
About the Authors
Zograb N. Makiyan, Dr. Med. Sci., Leading Researcher at the Department of Operative Gynecology, Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, 4, Oparin str., Moscow, 117997, Russia, makiyan@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0463-1913Similar Articles
