DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT ALGORITHMS FOR LATENT IRON DEFICIENCY AND IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE AND DURING PREGNANCY

1. The global prevalence of anaemia in 2011. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/177094/1/9789241564960_eng.pdf).

2. Christian P. Anemia in women – an intractable problem that requires innovative solutions. Nat Med. 2021; 27: 1675-7. https://doi.org/10.1038/ s41591-021-01514-3.

3. GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016. Lancet. 2017; 390(10100): 1211-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2.

4. Centers for Disease Control (CDC). CDC criteria for anemia in children and childbearing-aged women. MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 1989: 138(22):400-4.

5. WHO. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System, WHO, Geneva. 31 May 2011. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/85839/WHO_NMH_NHD_MNM_11.1_eng.pdf?sequence=22&isAllowed=y

6. Bothwell T.H. Overview and mechanisms of iron regulation. Nutr Rev. 1995; 53(9): 237-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1995.tb05480.x.

7. Jung J., Rahman M.M., Rahman M.S., Swe K.T., Islam M.R., Rahman M.O., Akter S. Effects of hemoglobin levels during pregnancy on adverse maternal and infant outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2019; 1450(1): 69-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14112.

8. Nair M., Churchill D., Robinson S., Nelson-Piercy C., Stanworth S.J., Knight M. Association between maternal haemoglobin and stillbirth: a cohort study among a multi-ethnic population in England. Br J Haematol. 2017; 179(5): 829-37. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.14961.

9. Национальное гематологическое общество. Национальное общество детских гематологов, онкологов. Клинические рекомендации «Железодефицитная анемия». 2021. https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/schema/669_1 [National Hematological Society. National Society of Pediatric Hematologists, Oncologists. Clinical guidelines „Iron deficiency anemia”. 2021 (in Russian)]. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/schema/669_1

10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations to prevent and control iron deficiency in the United States. MMWR Recommendations and Reports. 1998; 47(RR-3):1-29.

11. Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации. Клинические рекомендации «Нормальная беременность». 2020. https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/ recomend/288_1 [Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Clinical guidelines «Normal Pregnancy». 2020. (in Russian)]. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/ recomend/288_1

12. WHO.Guideline:dailyironandfolicacidsupplementationinpregnantwomen.Geneva;2012.https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/77770/9789241501996_ eng.pdf

13. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Committee on Practice Bulletins – Obstetrics. Anemia in Pregnancy: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 233. Obstet Gynecol. 2021; 138(2): e55-e64. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000004477.

14. WHO. Iron deficiency anaemia: assessment, prevention and control. A guide for programme managers. WHO/NHD/01.3. Geneva; 2001. 132 р.

15. WHO. WHO guideline on use of ferritin concentrations to assess iron status in individuals and populations. Geneva; 2020. 82 р.

16. Means R.T. Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia: Implications and Impact in Pregnancy, Fetal Development, and Early Childhood Parameters. Nutrients. 2020;12(2):447. https://doi.org/10.3390/ nu12020447.

17. Friedrisch J.R., Friedrisch B.K. Prophylactic Iron Supplementation in Pregnancy: A Controversial Issue. Biochem Insights. 2017; 10: 1178626417737738. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/1178626417737738.

18. Peña-Rosas J.P., De-Regil L.M., Gomez Malave H., et al. Intermittent oral iron supplementation during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015; 2015(10): CD009997. Doi: Friedrisch J.R., Friedrisch B.K. Prophylactic Iron Supplementation in Pregnancy: A Controversial Issue. Biochem Insights. 2017; 10: 1178626417737738. https://doi.org/10.1177/1178626417737738.

19. Стуклов Н.И., Альпидовский В.К., Огурцов П.П. Анемии. Клиника, диагностика и лечение. Учебное пособие для врачей. М.; 2013. 264 с. [Stuklov N.I., Alpidovsky V.K., Ogurtsov P.P. Anemia Clinic, diagnosis and treatment. A manual for doctors. M.; 2013. 264 p. (in Russian)].

20. Дворецкий Л.И., Заспа Е.А. Сравнительная эффективность железосодержащих препаратов у больных железодефицитной анемией. Клиницист. 2007; 1: 31-7. [Dvoretsky L.I., Zaspa Ye.A. Comparative efficacy of iron-containing preparations in patients with iron-deficiency anemia. The Clinician. 2007; 1: 31-7 (in Russian)].

21. Pavord S., Daru J., Prasannan N., Robinson S., Stanworth S., Girling J.; BSH Committee. UK guidelines on the management of iron deficiency in pregnancy. Br J Haematol. 2020; 188(6): 819-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.16221.

22. Paricha S.-R. S., Flecknoe-Brown S.C., Allen K.J. et al. Diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anaemia: a clinical update. MJA. 2010; 193: 525-32.

23. British National Formulary (2017) Published jointly by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and RPS Publishing, London.

24. Muñoz M., Peña-Rosas J.P., Robinson S., Milman N., Holzgreve W., Breymann C., Goffinet F., Nizard J., Christory F., Samama C.M., Hardy J.F. Patient blood management in obstetrics: management of anaemia and haematinic deficiencies in pregnancy and in the post-partum period: NATA consensus statement. Transfus Med. 2018; 28(1): 22-39. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/tme.12443.

25. Percy L., Mansour D., Fraser I. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in women. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2017; 40: 55-67. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.09.007.